Phenolics

Compound	MF	MW	Plant	Family	Medicinal Plant	Category	Pathway link	Reference
Ferulic acid	C₁₀H₁₀O₄	194.184	Angelica sinensis	Apiaceae	Yes	Phenolic acids	--	Chao L, Cao YD, Yan H, et al. A comparative study of ferulic acid content in taproot and rootlet of Radix Angelicae Sinensis from different regions[J]. China Medical Herald. 2020,17(27):120-122.
Phloretin	C₁₅H₁₄O₅	274.27	Malus pumila Mill.	Rosaceae	Yes	Phenols	http://medicinalplants.ynau.edu.cn/meta/bolites/570	Eichenberger M, Lehka BJ, Folly C, et al. Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for de novo production of dihydrochalcones with known antioxidant, antidiabetic, and sweet tasting properties. Metab Eng. 2017;39:80-89. doi:10.1016/j.ymben.2016.10.019
Phlorizin	C₂₁H₂₄O₁₀	436.41	Malus pumila Mill	Rosaceae	Yes	Dihydrochalcones	http://medicinalplants.ynau.edu.cn/meta/bolites/552	Eichenberger M, Lehka BJ, Folly C, et al. Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for de novo production of dihydrochalcones with known antioxidant, antidiabetic, and sweet tasting properties. Metab Eng. 2017;39:80-89. doi:10.1016/j.ymben.2016.10.019
Arbutin	C₁₂H₁₆O₇	272.251	Arctostaphylos uva-ursi	Ericaceae Juss.	Yes	Phenolic acids	--	Takebayashi J, Ishii R, Chen J, Matsumoto T, Ishimi Y, Tai A. Reassessment of antioxidant activity of arbutin: multifaceted evaluation using five antioxidant assay systems. Free Radic Res. 2010;44(4):473-478. doi:10.3109/10715761003610760
Nothofagin	C₂₁H₂₄O₁₀	436.41	Aspalathus lineari	Fabaceae	Yes	Polyphenols	--	Eichenberger M, Lehka BJ, Folly C, et al. Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for de novo production of dihydrochalcones with known antioxidant, antidiabetic, and sweet tasting properties. Metab Eng. 2017;39:80-89. doi:10.1016/j.ymben.2016.10.019
3’-Hydroxygenistein	C₁₅H₁₀O₆	286.24	Calophyllum polyanthum	Calophyllaceae	Yes	Flavones	http://medicinalplants.ynau.edu.cn/meta/bolites/557	Wang TY, Tsai YH, Yu IZ, Chang TS. Improving 3'-Hydroxygenistein Production in Recombinant Pichia pastoris Using Periodic Hydrogen Peroxide-Shocking Strategy. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2016;26(3):498-502. doi:10.4014/jmb.1509.09013
Naringin dihydrochalcone	C₂₇H₃₄O₁₄	582.55	Citrus	Rutaceae	Yes	Dihydrochalcones	--	Eichenberger M, Lehka BJ, Folly C, et al. Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for de novo production of dihydrochalcones with known antioxidant, antidiabetic, and sweet tasting properties. Metab Eng. 2017;39:80-89. doi:10.1016/j.ymben.2016.10.019
Raspberry ketone	C₁₀H₁₂O₂	462.37	Erigeron breviscapus	Asteraceae	Yes	Flavonols	http://medicinalplants.ynau.edu.cn/meta/bolites/555	Lee D, Lloyd N D R, Pretorius I S, et al. Heterologous production of raspberry ketone in the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae via pathway engineering and synthetic enzyme fusion[J]. Microbial cell factories, 2016;15(1): 1-7. doi:10.1186/s12934-016-0446-2; Yan Y, Huang L, Koffas MA. Biosynthesis of 5-deoxyflavanones in microorganisms. Biotechnol J. 2007;2(10):1250-1262. doi:10.1002/biot.200700119; Sydor T, Schaffer S, Boles E. Considerable increase in resveratrol production by recombinant industrial yeast strains with use of rich medium. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010;76(10):3361-3363. doi:10.1128/AEM.02796-09
Scutellarin	C₂₁H₁₈O₁₂	462.36	Erigeron breviscapus	Asteraceae	Yes	flavonoids	https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41467-018-02883-z/MediaObjects/41467_2018_2883_Fig1_HTML.jpg?as=webp	Liu X, Cheng J, Zhang G, et al. Engineering yeast for the production of breviscapine by genomic analysis and synthetic biology approaches. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):448. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-02883-z
Apigenin-7-O-glucuronide	C₂₁H₁₈O₁₁	446.36	Erigeron breviscapus	Asteraceae	Yes	flavonoids	https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41467-018-02883-z/MediaObjects/41467_2018_2883_Fig1_HTML.jpg?as=webp	Liu X, Cheng J, Zhang G, et al. Engineering yeast for the production of breviscapine by genomic analysis and synthetic biology approaches. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):448. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-02883-z
Scutellarein	C₁₅H₁₀O₆	286.24	Erigeron breviscapus	Asteraceae	Yes	flavonoids	https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41467-018-02883-z/MediaObjects/41467_2018_2883_Fig1_HTML.jpg?as=webp	Liu X, Cheng J, Zhang G, et al. Engineering yeast for the production of breviscapine by genomic analysis and synthetic biology approaches. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):448. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-02883-z
Kaempferol	C₁₅H₁₀O₆	286.24	Ginkgo biloba	Ginkgoaceae	Yes	Flavones	--	Lyu X, Zhao G, Ng KR, Mark R, Chen WN. Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for De Novo Production of Kaempferol. J Agric Food Chem. 2019;67(19):5596-5606. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01329
Liquiritin	C₂₆H₃₀O₁₃	550.51	Glycyrrhiza uralensis	Fabaceae	Yes	Flavones	--	Yin Y, Li Y, Jiang D, Zhang X, Gao W, Liu C. De novo biosynthesis of liquiritin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2020;10(4):711-721. doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2019.07.005
Salicylic acid	C₇H₆O₃	138.122	Ilex chinensis Sims	Aquifoliaceae	Yes	Phenolic acids	--	--
8-Prenylnaringenin	C₂₀H₂₀O₅	340.37	Leguminosae	Fabaceae	Yes	Flavones	http://medicinalplants.ynau.edu.cn/meta/bolites/548	Levisson M, Araya-Cloutier C, de Bruijn WJC, et al. Toward Developing a Yeast Cell Factory for the Production of Prenylated Flavonoids. J Agric Food Chem. 2019;67(49):13478-13486. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01367; Chen R, Liu X, Zou J, et al. Regio‐and stereospecific prenylation of flavonoids by Sophora flavescens prenyltransferase[J]. Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis, 2013, 355(9): 1817-1828. doi:10.1002/adsc.201300196
Naringenin	C₁₅H₁₂O₅	272.25	Leguminosae	Fabaceae	Yes	Flavonones	--	Palmer CM, Miller KK, Nguyen A, Alper HS. Engineering 4-coumaroyl-CoA derived polyketide production in Yarrowia lipolytica through a β-oxidation mediated strategy. Metab Eng. 2020;57:174-181. doi:10.1016/j.ymben.2019.11.006
Leonuriside A	C₁₄H₂₀O₉	348.35	Leonurus japonicus Houtt.	Labiatae	Yes	Phenolic acids	--	Sugaya K, Hashimoto F, Ono M, et al. Anti-Oxidative Constituents from Leonurii Herba (Leonurus japonicus)[J]. Food Science & Technology International Tokyo. 1998;4(4):278-281. doi:10.3136/fsti9596t9798.4.278.
p-Coumaric acid	C₉H₈O₃	164.15802	Lygodium japonicum	Lygodiaceae M. Roem.	Yes	Phenolic acids	--	--
Resveratrol	C₁₄H₁₂O₃	228.24	Polygonum cuspidatum	Polygonaceae	Yes	Polyphenols	http://medicinalplants.ynau.edu.cn/meta/bolites/543	Li M, Kildegaard KR, Chen Y, Rodriguez A, Borodina I, Nielsen J. De novo production of resveratrol from glucose or ethanol by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Metab Eng. 2015;32:1-11. doi:10.1016/j.ymben.2015.08.007; Becker JV, Armstrong GO, van der Merwe MJ, Lambrechts MG, Vivier MA, Pretorius IS. Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the synthesis of the wine-related antioxidant resveratrol. FEMS Yeast Res. 2003;4(1):79-85. doi:10.1016/S1567-1356(03)00157-0
Raspberry ketone	C₁₀H₁₂O₂	164.2	Raspberries	Rosaceae	Yes	Flavonols	http://medicinalplants.ynau.edu.cn/meta/bolites/555	Lee D, Lloyd ND, Pretorius IS, Borneman AR. Heterologous production of raspberry ketone in the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae via pathway engineering and synthetic enzyme fusion. Microb Cell Fact. 2016;15:49. doi:10.1186/s12934-016-0446-2; Yan Y, Huang L, Koffas M A G. Biosynthesis of 5‐deoxyflavanones in microorganisms[J]. Biotechnology Journal: Healthcare Nutrition Technology, 2007, 2(10): 1250-1262; Sydor T, Schaffer S, Boles E. Considerable increase in resveratrol production by recombinant industrial yeast strains with use of rich medium. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010;76(10):3361-3363. doi:10.1128/AEM.02796-09
Salidroside	C₁₄H₂₀O₇	300.3	Rhodiola rosea L.	Crassulaceae	Yes	Phenolic acids	--	Zhang X, Xie L, Long J, et al. Salidroside: A review of its recent advances in synthetic pathways and pharmacological properties. Chem Biol Interact. 2021;339:109268. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109268
Baicalein	C₂₁H₁₈O₁₁	270.24	Scutellaria barbata	Labiatae	Yes	Flavones	http://medicinalplants.ynau.edu.cn/meta/bolites/561	Liu X, Cheng J, Zhu X, et al. De Novo Biosynthesis of Multiple Pinocembrin Derivatives in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACS Synth Biol. 2020;9(11):3042-3051. doi:10.1021/acssynbio.0c00289
Baicalin	C₂₁H₁₈O₁₁	446.36	Scutellaria barbata	Labiatae	Yes	Flavones	http://medicinalplants.ynau.edu.cn/meta/bolites/562	Liu X, Cheng J, Zhu X, et al. De Novo Biosynthesis of Multiple Pinocembrin Derivatives in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACS Synth Biol. 2020;9(11):3042-3051. doi:10.1021/acssynbio.0c00289
Isowogonin	C₉H₁₃N	135.21	Scutellaria barbata	Labiatae	Yes	Flavones	--	Liu X, Cheng J, Zhu X, et al. De Novo Biosynthesis of Multiple Pinocembrin Derivatives in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACS Synth Biol. 2020;9(11):3042-3051. doi:10.1021/acssynbio.0c00289
Moslosooflavone	C₁₇H₁₄O₅	298.29	Scutellaria barbata	Labiatae	Yes	Flavonoids	--	Liu X, Cheng J, Zhu X, et al. De Novo Biosynthesis of Multiple Pinocembrin Derivatives in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACS Synth Biol. 2020;9(11):3042-3051. doi:10.1021/acssynbio.0c00289
Norwogonin	C₁₅H₁₀O₅	270.24	Scutellaria barbata	Labiatae	Yes	Flavonoids	--	Liu X, Cheng J, Zhu X, et al. De Novo Biosynthesis of Multiple Pinocembrin Derivatives in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACS Synth Biol. 2020;9(11):3042-3051. doi:10.1021/acssynbio.0c00289
Wogonin	C₁₆H₁₂O₅	284.26	Scutellaria barbata	Labiatae	Yes	Flavonoids	http://medicinalplants.ynau.edu.cn/meta/bolites/564	Liu X, Cheng J, Zhu X, et al. De Novo Biosynthesis of Multiple Pinocembrin Derivatives in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACS Synth Biol. 2020;9(11):3042-3051. doi:10.1021/acssynbio.0c00289
Isosilybin	C₂₅H₂₂O₁₀	482.44	Silybum marianum	Asteraceae	Yes	Lignans	http://medicinalplants.ynau.edu.cn/meta/bolites/569	Yang J, Liang J, Shao L, et al. Green production of silybin and isosilybin by merging metabolic engineering approaches and enzymatic catalysis. Metab Eng. 2020;59:44-52. doi:10.1016/j.ymben.2020.01.007
Silybin	C₂₅H₂₂O₁₀	482.44	Silybum marianum	Asteraceae	Yes	Lignans	http://medicinalplants.ynau.edu.cn/meta/bolites/568	Yang J, Liang J, Shao L, et al. Green production of silybin and isosilybin by merging metabolic engineering approaches and enzymatic catalysis. Metab Eng. 2020;59:44-52. doi:10.1016/j.ymben.2020.01.007
Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside	C₂₁H₁₈O₁₁	449.38	Universal	--	--	Anthocyanins	http://medicinalplants.ynau.edu.cn/meta/bolites/546	Eichenberger M, Hansson A, Fischer D, Dürr L, Naesby M. De novo biosynthesis of anthocyanins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res. 2018;18(4):10.1093/femsyr/foy046. doi:10.1093/femsyr/foy046; Almeida JR, D'Amico E, Preuss A, et al. Characterization of major enzymes and genes involved in flavonoid and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis during fruit development in strawberry (Fragaria xananassa). Arch Biochem Biophys. 2007;465(1):61-71. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2007.04.040; Ogata J, Itoh Y, Ishida M, et al. Cloning and heterologous expression of cDNAs encoding flavonoid glucosyltransferases from Dianthus caryophyllus[J]. Plant Biotechnology, 2004, 21(5): 367-375. doi:10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.367; Honda C, Kotoda N, Wada M, et al. Anthocyanin biosynthetic genes are coordinately expressed during red coloration in apple skin[J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2002, 40(11): 955-962. doi:10.1016/S0981-9428(02)01454-7
Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside	C₂₁H₂₁ClO₁₂	500.84	Universal	--	--	Anthocyanins	http://medicinalplants.ynau.edu.cn/meta/bolites/547	Eichenberger M, Hansson A, Fischer D, Dürr L, Naesby M. De novo biosynthesis of anthocyanins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res. 2018;18(4):10.1093/femsyr/foy046. doi:10.1093/femsyr/foy046; Almeida JR, D'Amico E, Preuss A, et al. Characterization of major enzymes and genes involved in flavonoid and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis during fruit development in strawberry (Fragaria xananassa). Arch Biochem Biophys. 2007;465(1):61-71. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2007.04.040; Ogata J, Itoh Y, Ishida M, et al. Cloning and heterologous expression of cDNAs encoding flavonoid glucosyltransferases from Dianthus caryophyllus[J]. Plant Biotechnology, 2004, 21(5): 367-375. doi:10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.367; Honda C, Kotoda N, Wada M, et al. Anthocyanin biosynthetic genes are coordinately expressed during red coloration in apple skin[J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2002, 40(11): 955-962. doi:10.1016/S0981-9428(02)01454-7
Eriodictyol	C₁₅H₁₂O₆	288.25	Universal	--	--	Flavones	http://medicinalplants.ynau.edu.cn/meta/bolites/559	Lv Y, Marsafari M, Koffas M, Zhou J, Xu P. Optimizing Oleaginous Yeast Cell Factories for Flavonoids and Hydroxylated Flavonoids Biosynthesis. ACS Synth Biol. 2019;8(11):2514-2523. doi:10.1021/acssynbio.9b00193
Fisetin	C₁₅H₁₂O₆	286.24	Universal	--	--	Flavones	http://medicinalplants.ynau.edu.cn/meta/bolites/550	Rodriguez A, Strucko T, Stahlhut SG, et al. Metabolic engineering of yeast for fermentative production of flavonoids. Bioresour Technol. 2017;245(Pt B):1645-1654. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.043; Stahlhut SG, Siedler S, Malla S, et al. Assembly of a novel biosynthetic pathway for production of the plant flavonoid fisetin in Escherichia coli. Metab Eng. 2015;31:84-93. doi:10.1016/j.ymben.2015.07.002
Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside	C₂₁H₂₁ClO₁₀	468.84	Universal	--	--	Anthocyanins	--	Eichenberger M, Hansson A, Fischer D, Dürr L, Naesby M. De novo biosynthesis of anthocyanins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res. 2018;18(4):10.1093/femsyr/foy046. doi:10.1093/femsyr/foy046; Almeida JR, D'Amico E, Preuss A, et al. Characterization of major enzymes and genes involved in flavonoid and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis during fruit development in strawberry (Fragaria xananassa). Arch Biochem Biophys. 2007;465(1):61-71. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2007.04.040; Ogata J, Itoh Y, Ishida M, et al. Cloning and heterologous expression of cDNAs encoding flavonoid glucosyltransferases from Dianthus caryophyllus[J]. Plant Biotechnology, 2004, 21(5): 367-375. doi:10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.367; Honda C , Kotoda N , Wada M ,et al.Anthocyanin biosynthetic genes are coordinately expressed during red coloration in apple skin[J].Plant Physiology & Biochemistry. 2002;40.doi:10.1016/S0981-9428(02)01454-7.
Quercetin	C₁₅H₁₀O₇	302.24	Universal	--	--	Flavonols	http://medicinalplants.ynau.edu.cn/meta/bolites/551	Rodriguez A, Strucko T, Stahlhut SG, et al. Metabolic engineering of yeast for fermentative production of flavonoids. Bioresour Technol. 2017;245(Pt B):1645-1654. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.043; Stahlhut SG, Siedler S, Malla S, et al. Assembly of a novel biosynthetic pathway for production of the plant flavonoid fisetin in Escherichia coli. Metab Eng. 2015;31:84-93. doi:10.1016/j.ymben.2015.07.002
Taxifolin	C₁₅H₁₂O₇	304.25	Universal	--	--	Flavonols	http://medicinalplants.ynau.edu.cn/meta/bolites/560	Lv Y, Marsafari M, Koffas M, Zhou J, Xu P. Optimizing Oleaginous Yeast Cell Factories for Flavonoids and Hydroxylated Flavonoids Biosynthesis. ACS Synth Biol. 2019;8(11):2514-2523. doi:10.1021/acssynbio.9b00193

Compound (Phenolics)